Public Awareness

Civil Liberty

DECENTRALIZATION OF NATIONAL POWER AND RESPONSIBILITY

Atom - Electron, Protons, and Neutrons 

In chemistry and physics, an atom meaning "indivisible" is the smallest particle characterizing a chemical element. Atom is usually translated as "indivisible" or "uncuttable." 

• Electron which have a negative charge, a size which is so small as to be currently unmeasurable, and which are the least heavy (i.e., massive) of the three;
• Protons which have a positive charge, and are about 1836 times more massive than electrons; and
• Neutrons which have no charge, and are about 1838 times more massive than electrons.

Basically again from Atom - Chemical Elements, Molecules, Cells and Genes 

An ego of a man for a modern neurologist is an illusion or unreal shadow of non-chemical substance or non-existence or ghost. Thus an ego of a human cannot sustain the human life that is simply works normally in every 60th of the second of life with the workings of cells and genes. Similarly, a nation with the ego like centrally controlled government can not manage the state with the legislation, execution and judiciary that can guarantee civil liberty and protect the civil rights of people with justice.

We know it ego makes the despotic monarchy, ruthless dictator, initiates personal worship and worshipers overpowers the worshiped and worshiped becomes god - source of fear and hope. 

But the existence of the human brain has live movement of 300 billion neurons. The body and brain human are sustained by cells, genes, neurons and so on in the most inner local levels of mechanism.

Similarly the nation as state must have such mechanism which has its building blocks established in the most inner local levels with the direct participation of people. That's why the meaning of nation's sovereignty is the people makes sense in the most responsible level. This is what is called decentralization and this mechanism is called the federal governance structures.

Anything that exist must have functional structure. For example, for a river to exist it must have its own functioning structure to be river. Similarly, a democratic nation to exist as state must have functional government that has direct participation of the people. 

Thus Nepal as Democratic Nation to exist as state must have functional governance structure that give people to participate in nation building process through electoral procedures. Therefore, how people can build nation:

Federal governance structure is the composition of the governments within governments. Structurally, the smallest governments at the bottom of the structure sustain the nation as the building blocks. These are the government units, which are constituted by the people for the people. Basically, the elected representatives of these units serve the people directly in their constituents managing public administration and services. These units are townships in the city governments and village assemblies in the county or district governments.

The representatives of the townships or village assemblies are elected among from the residence of the townships and villages of the assemblies to manage entire administration, services and developments. Within the townships or village assembly school district representatives are elected to manage the public school by forming school management committee and academic council. The basic responsibilities of these government units are residence property (real estate and land) management, property tax collections, sanitations, community police arrangement, public school, public library, public park and recreation management, and drinking water supply supervision.

Upon these units city and county or district government structures are built up. The mayors are the chiefs of the governments and the people directly elect them. Under the mayor the city and county or district cabinets are formed from the elected members of the assemblies. However the attorneys, judges, comptrollers, and sheriff (law enforcement officer) are directly elected. The city or county or districts governments have legislative, executive and judiciary branches under the assembly. But they do not have upper and lower houses. They legislate local regulations, run administration, law enforcement and justice, collect revenues - local taxes, federal taxes and sales taxes, plan fiscal budget and implement over all developments as per the minimum requirements of the state or regional governments’ regulations. 

The conglomerations or the city and county or district governments make the state or regional governments. The governors or the chief-ministers are the head of the state or regional government. The state cabinets are formed under the governors or chief ministers and people elect them directly. The state or regional governments have legislative, executive and judiciary branches. The state or regional attorneys, judges, comptrollers and law enforcement officers are elected. States have assembly but do not have upper and lower houses. They legislate state or regional regulations, policies and development spending; run state administration, form state or regional fiscal budget, planning and development and manage justice as per the minimum requirements of the federal government regulations, bills, and policies.

The union of the state or regional governments makes the federal or central government of the nation under the Federal Democratic Government System. The elected representatives of the constituencies of each state or regional government form the lower and upper houses of the Parliament. The people of constituency that they represent must elect both house representatives of the Parliament. There is no arbitrary political parties nomination provision for representatives of the upper house. Even the representatives are nominated for the upper house they must be the permanent resident of the state that they represent.    

The federal or central government’s principle responsibilities are to provide national security – defense management, form federal regulations and policies, establish foreign relations, plan developments and fiscal budget, and protect the constitution and justice.

This is how federal governance structures are constituted through the electoral process from bottom of the government structure to the top. No governments are ruled by the nominated ‘government employees’ by the central government or the state or regional governments. The elected representatives of each constituency of city, county or district, state or region rule all governments. The oligarchic elements of the primitive government practice are completely eradicated in the federal government structure if implemented from the bottom – grass-root- level. But if implemented only up to the state or regional level as of the federal structures of India there will be ample of oligarchic elements, which will bring far less power to the marginalized people of Nepal. The privileged oligarchic elite network will rule over the nation under the party politics.

The structure that allow people to govern from the bottom ‘grass-root’ level is the fundament to the federal governance structure. The successful example of this structure is the active ‘Community Forest’ management of Nepal. If legislators of interim Parliament are serious to have people participate in the nation building process then they must consider this provision of the federal government structure.

Nepal will be better off if the federal government structure is guaranteed with the amendment of the interim constitution than by just stating ‘Nepal will head towards federal democratic structure through the Constituent Assembly.’  It is obvious that oligarchic ruling elites and political leaderships will avoid the federal governance structures. However there will neither development in grass-root level, nor uplifting of the marginalized people, and nor the establishment of the complete democracy without restructuring of the nation from grass-root level through the electoral procedures of the federal governance structure.  

Dedication:
This web site www.nepalcivilsociety.org is dedicated to the Civil society of Nepal. It is to honor the work of all members of Civil Society of Nepal  who dedicated their lives to the Liberty of People of Nepal. The purpose of this web site is to promote the movement of Civil Society as part of Nepali culture with the objectives to protect civil liberty of people of Nepal through public awareness.

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